Are You Prepared to Change Your Life? 

Are You Ready to Change Our World?

PLYMOUTH HARBOUR SEMINAR
FULFILLING OUR INFINITE POTENTIALS:
SOLVING THE WORLD PROBLEMS
APRIL 2023

 Session 1

The title of this four-session seminar says it all: “Fulfilling Our Infinite Potentials: Solving the World’s Problems.” Yes, every single one of us is blessed with unbelievable strengths that are imprisoned by our bureaucratic way of life. And yes, we can learn to escape from our prisons and employ those incredible powers to help solve the full range of world problems, some of which threaten our very survival. The key that will open that door is the integration of the highly specialized knowledge of human behavior that presently exists throughout the social sciences. This will yield the basis for a new social movement centering on the infinite empowerment of ever more individuals throughout the world.

 Session 2

Empowering the individual requires attention to the three basic elements of one’s behavior: intellect or “head,” emotions or “heart,” and actions or “hand.” We will focus on “head” today, with “heart” and “hand” as the subjects of the following two sessions. As one example of our integrated knowledge, we’ll learn that no one is limited by a fixed IQ or intelligence quotient. We’ll also come to understand the decisive role of society’s failure to integrate knowledge of human behavior in the 9/11 disaster as well as eleven near-catastrophes of stumbling into a nuclear war.

Our textbook, Creating Life Before Death: Discover Your Amazing Self, coupled with our website, behavioral-scientists.com, can provide the basis for learning to pull together the valuable bits and pieces of knowledge of human behavior scattered throughout the academic world.

 Session 3

The importance of emotions in shaping our behavior is well illustrated by the role of music, art, film and television in our lives. Yet emotions are ruled out of academic research on human behavior because they supposedly get in the way of scientific knowledge. By contrast, we see our emotions as potentially yielding a vision of our infinite powers not only to enjoy life but also to help solve the problems of the human race. It is when we combine that vision with integrated knowledge of human behavior that we achieve the empowerment we all desperately require to change the destructive aspects of our present way of life.

 Session 4.

This session summarizes the entire Seminar

Following an ancient Japanese proverb, “Vision without action is a daydream,” just as “Action without vision is a nightmare.” Our vision of the infinite empowerment of the individual is absolutely essential,

but action is no less important. Lord Acton, a British historian, wrote: “Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.” That is all too true within our bureaucratic way of life. But we can understand the importance of combining vision and action within an evolutionary way of life: “Power tends to empower, and absolute power empowers infinitely.” When we succeed in developing the habit of combining interdisciplinary knowledge with the vision of personal and world evolution, no power on earth can get in the way of our movement.

THE CHANGE STARTS WITHIN
(The Observer article by Ian Swaby April 30, 2023

Bernie Phillips is in the process of offering the lecture series

Plymouth Harbor resident and former Boston University professor of sociology Bernie Phillips wants to build a more cohesive and collaborative world, one retirement home at a time.

For the second year in a row, Phillips is offering a series of four weekly lectures at Plymouth Harbor’s Hobson Hall auditorium. The lectures series is called “Fulfilling Our Infinite Potentials: Solving the World’s Problems” and is based on a book that he co-authored, “Creating Life Before Death: Discover Your Amazing Self.”

https://www.yourobserver.com/news/2023/apr/30/for-sarasota-man-empowerment-comes-one-mind-and-heart-at-a-time/

Proposal for a new Section of the American Sociological Association.

Paradigmatic Sociology

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My purpose is nothing less than moving toward fulfilling Auguste Comte’s dream of a powerful science of sociology that can help societies solve their present-day highly threatening problems.

Thomas S. Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions explained the necessity of changing the paradigm, or absolutely fundamental assumptions, within a given science in order to achieve a scientific revolution, illustrated by the change from Newtonian to Einsteinian physics.

We sociologists can achieve much the same results by (1) becoming aware of the existence of our bureaucratic paradigm, with its focus on persisting hierarchy, narrow unintegrated specialization, and personal conformity, (2) working toward developing a vision of an alternative paradigm which opens up to the incredible potentials of the individual and society, and (3) demonstrating the actions required to fulfill that vision.

To the extent that sociology’s Sections presently embody a bureaucratic paradigm, I’m convinced that they will achieve their goals to an increasing extent by learning to move toward an alternative paradigm, such as an evolutionary one. This will be facilitated by interaction between members of the new Section and members of other Sections. Members of those Sections which have addressed in part the importance of paradigmatic change can speed this process along.

My own academic background, which has moved progressively in this direction, can serve to illustrate the nature of such a paradigmatic change.

As an undergraduate pre-medical student at Columbia, I changed to sociology after contact with C. Wright Mills and his commitment to working toward solving society’s problems with an exceedingly broad approach to sociology, by contrast with narrow specialization. Later, reading his The Sociological Imagination, I became convinced of the immense potential powers of the ordinary individual. My co-founding the Section on Sociological Practice pointed up the importance of action.

The textbooks I wrote in introductory sociology and in research methods gave me the intellectual background that Mills had pointed toward. That background was

extended by my editing book series on the sociological imagination for Aldine de Gruyter as well as Paradigm Publishers. The dissertation of my doctoral student, Andy Plotkin, pointed me in the right direction: “Toward the Measurement of Paradigms.”

This was followed by my co-founding the Sociological Imagination Group in 2000, initially based on my book, Beyond Sociology’s Tower of Babel: Reconstructing the Scientific Method. Over the next eight years our annual research conferences, joint with the meetings of the American Sociological Association, yielded three volumes (Toward a Sociological Imagination, Understanding Terrorism, and Bureaucratic Culture and Escalating World Problems) containing 30 articles.

The four books I published afterwards (The Invisible Crisis of Contemporary Society, Armageddon or Evolution?, Saving Society: Breaking Out of Our Bureaucratic Way of Life, and Revolution in the Social Sciences) all pointed toward an alternative paradigm for society. That worldview was explained more fully in Creating Life Before Death (2020), followed by two invited essays in Contemporary Sociology and my seminar on behavioral-scientists.com.

Currently there is interest in paradigms throughout the academic world, as illustrated by the following books: The Illusion of Knowledge: The Paradigm Shift in Aging Research, Paradigm Shifting: Guiding Evolution from the Inside, The Golden Paradigm, Love, Stars, and Paradigms, Paradigms: The Business, Paradigm Shifts, Paradigms: The Business of Discovering the Future, Social Research: Paradigms in Action, Change Your Paradigm: Change Your Life, Magic Box Paradigm, Unfuck Your Mental Health Paradigm, Paradigm, What They Don’t Tell You About Paradigms, Handbook for the New Paradigm, Paradigm: A Macro Manifesto to Food, The New Success Paradigm, and The Paradigm: The Accurate Blueprint that Holds the Mystery of Our Times.

These books all illustrate what Mills called for in his The Sociological Imagination: “The capacity to shuttle between levels of abstraction, with ease and with clarity, is a signal mark of the imaginative and systematic thinker.” It is by moving both far up the ladder of linguistic abstraction to a paradigmatic level, and then far down to concrete phenomena, that one opens up to the full range of available knowledge by academics and others. By so doing, we follow in the footsteps of Francis Bacon, who wrote, “I have taken all knowledge to be my province.” Yet it remains for sociologists to employ this approach to fulfill the vision of Auguste Comte. Our problematic times demand nothing less

 Summary of the Website

A way of summarizing the ideas in this site takes us to the Scarecrow, the Tin Man and the Lion traveling with Dorothy on the yellow brick road.  The Wizard had taught them that their “head,” “heart” and “hand,” or intellect, emotions and courage, were equal to the behavior of the movers and shakers of the world. We now envision the group moving out with us on the yellow brick road beyond Emerald City.
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As pictured on Da Vinci’s Renaissance Man at the beginning of the website, we can all learn to use the full power of language and the incredible tool of an interdisciplinary scientific method. Language can give us the vision that we require. And the scientific method can yield the action necessary to fulfill that vision.
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By so doing, we follow an ancient Japanese proverb: “Vision without action is a daydream; action without vision is a nightmare.” Now, as we move on that yellow brick road, we can fulfill our extraordinary potentials for continuing development or personal evolution, the product of billions of years of biological evolution,
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Not only will we develop ever more meaningful lives. We will move toward solving our threatening world problems. If ever there was a need for individual empowerment, that time is now. We center on the creation of a PERSONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT, freeing ourselves from the prison of a limited way of life. 
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Our first section on this site, Toward a Science of Human Behavior, pictures C. Wright Mills on his motorcycle. We’ve built on his interdisciplinary approach to understanding self and world with a textbook for this incredibly powerful science, “Creating Life Before Death: Discover Your Amazing Self.” It is there that we present the tools of language and the scientific method that we are already using to an extent throughout our everyday lives,
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The next section, Fulfilling One’s Extraordinary Potentials, outlines the elements of our present bureaucratic way of life: physical, biological, sociocultural and individual structures. By creating a vision of alternative patterns of behavior that can yield our continuing development of “head,” “heart” and “hand,” we can learn to move toward nothing less than an evolutionary way of life. This may be illustrated metaphorically by the movement of the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion on the yellow brick road beyond Emerald City. Dorothy illustrates the importance of integrating these three basic elements of every single human being.
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Our final section, From Limited Development toward an Increasingly Interactive Way of Life, points to a new world we can and must create if we humans are to survive in our present world of escalating problems without solutions. Technology can help us, as illustrated in the New York World’s Fair, but it is by no means enough. It is our own intellectual, emotional and problem-solving empowerment that can do the job we desperately require at this time in history. The result, following Dorothy, will take us “over the rainbow” to a place we can scarcely imagine.
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Imagine the existence of knowledge so powerful that, once we learn it,
we would be able to create a world where we all could fulfill our wildest dreams. 

Toward a Science of Human Behavior

The world problems we all face at this time in history—such as the possibility of nuclear war, climate change, threats to democracy throughout the world, the covid-19 pandemic, the growing gap between the rich and the poor, racism and ethnocentrism—are staggering. They are all linked to personal problems, such as drug addiction and suicide, limited incomes, patterns of aggression, skyrocketing costs of medical care and education, and the basic question of how to live a truly meaningful life full of understanding, joy and personal fulfillment.
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We are, as a result, confronted by two crises. The first one asks us: How can the human race possibly survive? Are we all doomed to an actual death delivered by threatening yet unsolved problems? The second one asks us: How can we hope to live a truly significant life before our deaths?
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The 19th century philosopher Auguste Comte—founder of the discipline of sociology—was much concerned with the crises of his day. Movement from farms to factories was accompanied by desperate poverty and ghastly conditions. Picture, for example, children being tied to machines in order to increase productivity.
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Comte envisioned a powerful science of human behavior which could solve the problems of the day. In his time, there were communities of physical scientists. Later, there were groups of biologists and social scientists. They all succeeded in developing understanding within their specialized fields.
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Given the complexity of our behavior, it is essential to integrate this extremely wide range of knowledge to fulfill Comte’s vision and understand why we do what we do. For we are all physical beings no less than biological organisms, having developed both social and personality structures.
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The world-renowned sociologist C. Wright Mills helped us to discover the means for achieving the learning we require. His approach was illustrated by this passage from The Sociological Imagination (1959), rated by the International Sociological Association as the second most influential work for sociologists published during the entire 20th century:
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The sociological imagination . . . is the capacity to shift from one perspective to another—from the political to the psychological; from examination of a single family to comparative assessment of the national budgets of the world; from the theological school to the military establishment; from considerations of an oil industry to studies of contemporary poetry.
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When Mills wrote those words, there were little more than a handful of Sections or specializations within the American Sociological Association.  Now, there are fifty-three, and counting!
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We see the very same situation existing in psychology, anthropology, economics, political science and history. Each discipline is attempting to teach us about life while failing to see the big picture of the limitations of a single discipline or even a single narrow subfield.
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Mills’s interdisciplinary approach, by contrast with that taken by the academic world, followed the ideals of the scientific method, as stated by Isaac Newton: “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” Mills followed in the footsteps of the 16th-century philosopher Francis Bacon, who wrote: “I have taken all knowledge to be my province.”
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I, Bernie Phillips, had the good fortune to be present in Mills’s class at Columbia University at the very time he was completing his work on White Collar (1951),his first major book. I was impressed by his wide-ranging scholarship (“head”), emotional commitment to probing deeply into the nature of human behavior (heart”), and actions in communicating his ideas far beyond the academic world (“hand”). As a result, I changed from my pre-medical major to sociology, and I’ve continued to build on Mills’s interdisciplinary vision throughout my life.
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After my graduate education resulting in a doctorate at Cornell, and following my teaching at the Universities of North Carolina and Illinois as well as Boston University, I continued my interdisciplinary efforts after retirement. I used the title of Mills’s most well-known book to name The Sociological Imagination Group that I started—together with Harold Kincaid and Thomas J. Scheff—in 2000. That was the year I published Beyond Sociology’s Tower of Babel: Reconstructing the Scientific Method. Our yearly research conferences over a nine-year period, joint with the meetings of the American Sociological Association, yielded three edited volumes with thirty articles (Phillips, Harold Kincaid and Thomas J. Scheff, eds., 2002; Phillips, ed., 2007; and J. David Knottnerus and Phillips, eds., 2009).  Click for Phillips’s resume
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Far beyond my past publications is the recent book, Creating Life Before Death: Discover Your Amazing Self (2020),a work that was six years in the making with four co-authors: Tom Savage, Andy Plotkin, Neil Weiss and Max Spitzer. We see this book  as an initial textbook for something new under the sun: a science of human behavior. The book centers on publications from the social sciences, yet it also includes research from the biological and physical sciences. It is unique in combining scholarship with human interest stories from the real world.
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We decided to view our book, Creating Life Before Death, as a broad framework for our efforts to achieve the further development of this new science. To this end, we will be utilizing the talents of Sergio Sanseverino as our administrative advisor. The former Maryland President of NOW, Marcella Schuyler, and a Superintendent of Schools, Barbara Kelly, joined us as consultants. Together we have formed an organization, WorldVision Solutions, and a website, worldvisionsolutions.com, to work toward the continuing development of the science of human behavior.
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The following sections yield a direction for (1) individual development on the basis of a science of human behavior, and (2) moving toward a new way of life throughout the world as a result. We see that change as powered by an PERSONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT.

Imagine that it is possible for all of to learn that interdisciplinary knowledge and,
as a result, gain access to our unbelievable powers.

Fulfilling One’s Extraordinary Potentials

Our interdisciplinary knowledge includes Plato’s image viewing all of us as much like prisoners in an underground cave, the most famous allegory developed throughout all of Western history. We are tied so that we can only see the shadows on the cave wall in front of us. We see neither ourselves, those around us, or the real objects projecting those shadows because of a fire behind them. As a result, our way of life is a fantasy world, where we lack understanding of ourselves, others, or what is actually going on around us.
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Yet the science of human behavior indicates that every one of us can learn the continuing development of our own four structures—physical, biological, sociocultural and individual—enabling us to break our bonds, see ourselves and one another, and move out of the cave into the sunlight of reality. By so doing, we reach  out to the SPACE AND TIME of the entire universe, versus being limited to the knife-edge of our momentary experiences.
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We should remain aware that such learning opposes what we’ve been taught all our lives, and thus the habits which keep us imprisoned. As a result, we must replace those habits with new ones that open us up to who we and others are, and what is the actual nature of the world.

1. Physical Structures

Interaction is the name of the game within our universe, for no part of the world can be isolated from any other part. As life evolved, organisms developed with ever greater interactive ability, capped by the human  being.
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Instead of having to wait for the next generation to improve our adaptation to the environment, we can continue to develop within our own lifetimes. As a result, we are the most interactive creatures throughout the entire known universe. For we are able to become aware of problems—such as our present climate and nuclear issues–develop hypotheses for making progress on them, and then proceed to solve them. It is this  tool of the scientific method that is the very basis of the human being’s interactive abilities.
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That method has enabled biophysical scientists to continue to transform our world throughout the centuries. This was illustrated by the great change from farm to factory achieved by the industrial revolution. Dramatic changes have continued in transportation, communication and medicine in the 19th and 20th centuries. And change continues to this day with the technologies linked to the internet.
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Yet the scientific method is a procedure by no means limited to professional scientists. We all use that procedure to solve the problems of everyday life from one moment to the next, a key idea developed in our book, Creating Life Before Death. We have succeeded in challenging the shutting out of the ordinary individuals from the scientific process because of our lack of credentials.
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Our lack of learning was illustrated by the 9/11 disasters at the World Trade Center and Pentagon, as indicated in Creating Life Before Death. Information was available to the CIA, FBI, State Department and NSA about the possibility of that attack. Yet there was no sharing of that understanding, for those organizations had developed patterns of isolation from one another.
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Those very same patterns of isolation were illustrated by the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger due to an O-ring failure. In all likelihood the O-ring would have been fixed if employees in different departments had pooled their knowledge. They might well have notified management of the O-ring problem if hierarchical relationships had not severely limited such communication.
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Granting the many achievements of social scientists, they generally have avoided a focus on the experiences of the individual. The result is a lack of attention to the importance of inward-outward interaction. My co-authors and I have attempted to counter such one-sidedness in Creating Life Before Death. And my own recent articles—“Sociology’s Next Steps?” (2019),” “Sociology’s Next Steps? 50th Anniversary of Gouldner’s Vision and 60th Anniversary of Mills’s Vision (2020),” “Creating Life Before Death With a Vision for Action (2021),” and “Countering the Threats to Democracy” (2021)—have done the same.
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These publications can help you to fulfill your extraordinary interactive potentials which, in turn, are much of the basis for solving not just personal problems but also the massive problems of our day. They can help you become ever more aware of your own role in shaping whatever occurs around you.
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If an understanding of the nature of our universe requires attention to both space and time, then our focus on interaction centers on space. We shall see that consideration of biological structures takes us into the dimension of time.

2. Biological Structures

It has taken billions of years to move from simple organisms like the amoeba to the human being. As a result, we are the only creatures throughout the entire known universe who have the capacity to continue to evolve throughout our own lifetimes. Other living things must wait for new generations to develop for dramatic changes to occur. Not so the human being. We are temporal no less than spatial beings.
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The poet Robert Browning put his finger on our fantastic capacity: “Ah, but a man’s reach should exceed his grasp.”
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It is our biology which has given us the large brain in relation to body size along with anatomical features like the ability to make a wide variety of sounds that made possible the invention of language. And it is our complex languages which open us up to a gradational orientation, pointing us in the direction of continuing personal evolution.
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Helen Keller, blind and deaf at the age of 19 months,  later wrote: “I knew then that ‘w-a-t-e-r’ meant that wonderful cool something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, set it free.”
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Alfred Korzybski, a Polish scientist who emigrated to the United States, centered on this one-step-at-a-time approach in his Science and Sanity (1933). He emphasized the importance of using language to move away from either-or stereotypes like “beautiful and ugly” or “intelligent” and “stupid,” which take us away from a one-sided and narrow view of people and ideas. His movement, General Semantics, is carried forward to this day by the journal ETC.
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The science-fiction novelist A. E. Van Vogt has given us a popular and highly readable treatment of Korzybski’s ideas in his The World of Null-A and its sequel, The Players of Null-A. His hero, Gilbert Gosseyn, is attempting to go-sane, following the title of Korzybski’s Science and Sanity. It is not that he was actually a candidate for an asylum, but that our focus on dichotomy or black-and-white thinking is, for Korzybski, a species of insanity because it sharply limits our mental and emotional development.
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A historical example of the power of the idea of gradation is the rapid reconstruction of Japanese industry following World War II, which developed a culture of kaizen or continuous improvement.  All employees no less than management were actively involved. Included in this approach was the use of the scientific method by workers and administrators, and not just professional scientists. As a result, Japanese products experienced a metamorphosis from cheap throwaways to goods of extremely high quality.
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Creating Life Before Death is chock full of examples of a gradational or temporal perspective. We have the vision of Jane Addams, a philosopher and the founder of the discipline of Social Work. She wrote in her Democracy and Social Ethics (1902): “The cure for the ills of democracy is more democracy.”  The article, “Countering the Threats to Democracy” (2021), is my effort to update Addams’s vision. (click to read article)
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John Dewey, the eminent philosopher and educator, recorded in his Reconstruction in Philosophy (1920/1948): “Democracy has many meanings, but if it has a moral meaning, it is found in resolving that the supreme test of all political institutions and industrial arrangements shall be the contribution they make to the all-around growth of every member of society.”
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Reviewing our treatment of physical and biological structures, each of us can learn to fully utilize the incredible powers of THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND LANGUAGE.

3. Sociocultural Structures

“Sociocultural structures” are groups, organizations or societies with certain beliefs and goals that are widely shared. It is those particular goals and beliefs that make up the cultural aspects of a given social structure. For example, societies differ in the nature of their cultures. And ethnic groups as well as organizations within a society have varying subcultures. It is essential to pay attention to these cultural elements in order to understand the behavior of social structures.
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Granting that social scientists have failed to open up to the incredible physical and biological potentials of the individual, they have succeeded in helping us to understand the enormous powers of society as a whole. Max Weber’s The Theory of Social and Economic Organization (1947) explains a central sociological concept: bureaucracy. We have here an organization with (1) a hierarchy of offices or roles, (2) a division of labor or specialized activities, and (3) members who conform to the rules of the group.
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Weber understood the importance of the evolution of bureaucracies from preindustrial to industrial ones, and contemporary social scientists have helped us to understand the continuation of that evolutionary process into modern society. Those changes make all the difference in the effectiveness of a given bureaucracy for solving its problems.
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However, the failure of social scientists to integrate their knowledge of human behavior has yielded a striking limitation in the evolution of bureaucracies, despite their many achievements. The sociologist Helen Constas examined such deficiencies in her article, “Max Weber’s Two Conceptions of Bureaucracy” (1958). She distinguished between those characteristics of bureaucracies emphasizing limited communication or the isolation of information and others encouraging communication along with the integration of knowledge.
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With respect to the former organizations, she saw a steep hierarchy. Those at the top are rewarded substantially more than those at lower levels. Further, she noted a minute division of labor in those groups. By contrast, she saw such features as rewards based on the effectiveness of one’s performance rather than the height of one’s position, suggesting a scientific pattern of behavior, in the latter organizations. Overall, what she discovered is a sharp contrast between organizations with limited interaction and those with substantial interaction.
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The sociologist Stanley Udy built on Constas’s research in his 1959 article, “‘Bureaucracy’ and ‘Rationality’ in Weber’s Organization Theory.” Udy studied 150 organizations producing material goods within 150 societies, based on information that had been painstakingly collected by anthropologists and sociologists over many years. He found that nonscientific and scientific patterns of behavior were not found within the same organization. His work along with that of Constas suggests the greater effectiveness of the scientific organizations with their emphasis on interaction.
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Let us take into account what we’ve learned above about the power of the dichotomous emphasis of language tackled by Korzybski, Van Vogt and Gosseyn, for that can help to explain the limitations of even those more scientific bureaucracies. They along with the rest of us have limited internal interaction, that is, among the emotions, ideas and actions of the individual. We believe that such interaction is needed to move them toward increasing productivity. For it would work toward developing a familistic atmosphere that would blur hierarchical lines, granting that there would still be the enforcement for subordinates to follow the rules.
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Thus, bureaucracy is not the enemy so many of us have come to believe. Rather, it is the limited external interaction—or failure to use the scientific method—within a great many bureaucracies that is responsible for many of their limitations. And it is the general lack of internal interaction that limits even the best of bureaucracies. What we’ve learned above about increasing interaction among our emotions, intellect and actions points a direction for the further evolution of organizations. We need to move FROM A BUREAUCRATIC TOWARD AN INTERACTIVE or evolutionary way of life.
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This analysis enables us to carry forward our understanding of physical and biological structures into the arena of sociocultural structures. Their use of the scientific method, emphasizing external interaction, exhibits the development of physical structures. And a new focus on internal action among the “heart,” “head” and “hand” of organizational members, illustrates the development of biological structures. Overall, it is continuing interaction of both types within the organization—as well as within any grouping and society as a whole—that yields continuing development of sociocultural structures. And it is limited interaction of both types that is our enemy.
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The lack of internal interaction within organizations is paralleled throughout society as a whole, making it that much more difficult for organizations to reverse this failure. I analyzed this lack with Louis C. Johnson, a co-author with a distinguished medical background, in The Invisible Crisis of Contemporary Society (2007). We hypothesized the existence of an increasing gap between aspirations (“heart”) and their fulfillment (“hand”).
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We tested that hypothesis by examining the relevant work of thirty-three authors. They represented a variety of disciplines, including sociology, psychology, law, philosophy, literature, journalism, history, political science and education. As a result, we found substantial evidence supporting our conjecture of limited internal interaction.
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Little did I know at the time that our conclusion of a lack of such interaction paralleled the insights of the Buddha some 2500 years ago. His First Noble Truth, which he saw as linked to the greatest problem of the human race, was the frustration or dukkha linked to our failure to fulfill our wants, or our aspirations-fulfillment gap.
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Afterwards, when I came to understand this, I was motivated to devote attention to this limited internal interaction in the writing of Creating Life Before Death. There, my colleagues and I illustrated work by the psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Within her The Neurotic Personality of Our Time (1937), she saw advertising as working to create neuroses by stimulating a great many unreachable goals.
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In that book we also included insights of Emile Durkheim, a founder of the discipline of sociology. In his book, Suicide  (1897/1951), he concluded that the industrial revolution itself created greed for achieving goals that are far beyond what people can actually attain.
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Horney and Durkheim were joined by the journalist John Berger, whose Ways of Seeing (1985) coupled with a BBC television series portrayed advertising as working to create for all of us a fantasy world. It is there that we are continually bombarded by messages about products that we cannot possibly afford to buy. Adding to this chorus is a book by the historian Daniel Boorstin, The Image (1961):
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We expect the contradictory and the impossible. We expect compact cars which are spacious; luxurious cars which are economical. We expect to be rich and charitable, powerful and merciful, active and reflective, kind and competitive. We expect to be inspired by mediocre appeals for “excellence,” …to eat and stay thin, to be constantly on the move and ever more neighborly…to revere God and to be God. Never…have a people felt more deceived and disappointed. For never has a people expected so much more than the world could offer.
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Is all of this information about what we want and are able to get really necessary for us in our quest for achieving far more internal interaction? Absolutely! For we must come to understand just how high are the hurdles we must face. Our experiences in contemporary society have taught us a barrier to linking “heart” and “hand,” or what we want and are actually able to get. As a result, we become our own worst enemy without awareness of the fact. For we tend to blame ourselves for this failure, and not the present nature of society.
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Fortunately, there are solutions to this problem. The Buddha’s Eastern strategy, expressed within his Second, Third and Fourth Noble Truths, was to lower one’s aspirations to the point where they become realistic. The East-West strategy advanced in Creating Life Before Death is to follow the Buddha’s approach with using the full power of an interdisciplinary scientific method. In that way both aspirations and their fulfillment can continue to be raised. This approach takes into account the importance of fulfilling the individual’s capacities for continuing development. The result is increasing internal interaction.
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We turn now to focus directly on the behavior of the individual and, specifically, on one’s fundamental elements of emotions or “heart,” intellect or “head,” and actions or “hand.”
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4. Individual Structures

How can all of us continue to develop or evolve—intellectually, emotionally, and in our ability to solve problems—throughout our everyday lives? How do we proceed to make full use of the incredible tools of the scientific method and language? How do we confront the voices within us—that our present way of life has taught us—that we are extremely limited beings?
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The above treatment of our physical, biological and sociocultural structures has provided a path that we can follow, one which we might see as the yellow brick road from the film, “The Wizard of Oz,” but now taking us beyond Emerald City. We have learned the existence of our incredible potentials for continuing personal evolution. How do we now actually enter the arena of continuing personal development and actually proceed to fulfill those possibilities?
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We might recall the kaizen idea of “continuing improvement” that helped to reconstruct Japanese industry after World War II. It was there that employees were oriented outward to fulfill the goals of their organizations. How does the individual learn “continuing improvement” with respect to personal goals, granting one’s potential for doing so?
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We must begin with a realistic view of our present situation, following the realism of the scientific method. Granting our vast potentials, our present way of life yields powerful forces opposing our development, teaching us to become our own worst enemy. A quotation from President George Bush, who I hope will forgive me for singling him out for behavior that exists in all of us, illustrates the operation of those forces: “I’m President of the United States, and I’m not going to eat any more broccoli!”
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A proverb characterizing our present way of life might be: “Limited vision yields limited action.” We might think of “vision” as including “heart” and “head,” with “action” involving “hand.” If our present vision has difficulty with avoiding broccoli, how can we possibly hope to address the basic problems of the individual and society?
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A new proverb can help us here: “Evolutionary vision yields the continuing improvement of action.” That vision can reach out to all of us, whatever we are achieving: to the baker and candlestick maker or the President of the United States. We can develop that vision by learning the nature of our physical and biological potentials along with the possibility of achieving both internal and external interaction throughout organizations, groups and society as a whole. Once we are motivated and understand what to do, we will move in that direction.
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To illustrate further, one can learn to extend the kaizen idea of continuing improvement at work to a personal evolutionary vision, pointing toward one’s own continuing  development.  We can develop that same visionary breadth whenever we succeed in any specific task throughout our everyday lives.
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 It is a science of human behavior, as presented in Creating Life Before Death, that can help all of us. Aristotle wrote: “One swallow does not make spring.” Habits of envisioning our everyday behavior in an evolutionary way must be developed over time if we are to learn to fully express just who we human beings actually are.
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The importance and possibility of the development of the three basic elements of the individual has been emphasized throughout history by people we look up to. With respect to “heart,” British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli wrote, “Man is only truly great when he acts from the passions.” The American poet Walt Whitman’s poetry includes this line: “I celebrate myself, and sing myself.” Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American philosopher and poet, wrote, “Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.”
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As for “head,” Albert Einstein wrote, “The eternal mystery of the world is its comprehensibility . . . The fact that it is comprehensible is a miracle.” We have this from Henry Fielding, the English novelist and dramatist: “Map me no maps, sir, my head is a map, a map of the whole world.” Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister, wrote: “Ask me my three main priorities for Government, and I tell you: education, education and education.”
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Concerning “hand,” here is a contribution from Francis Bacon, the English philosopher and essayist: “But men must know, that in this theatre of man’s life, it is reserved only for God and angels to be lookers on.” St. Matthew wrote, “By their fruits ye shall know them.” President Theodore Roosevelt wrote: “It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena.” And we have this from Winston Churchill, who rallied Great Britain during World War II in its darkest hour: “We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender.”
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The above analysis suggests this: a focus on the “HEART,” “HEAD” AND “HAND” of the individual–versus an outward orientation–is crucial for yielding personal and world development or evolution, which has no horizons.

Imagine that, having empowered ourselves, we now proceed to change the world.

From Limited Development toward an Increasingly Interactive Way of Life

The English novelist Joseph Conrad well understood the immense importance of the imagination when he wrote: “Only in men’s imagination does every truth find an effective and undeniable existence. Imagination, not invention, is the supreme master of art, as of life.”
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As a result, imagination takes us into worlds that are presently invisible, yet they continue to shape the visible present. The power over us of the twin invisible worlds of past and future was illustrated in our analysis of sociocultural structures. Recall the Buddha’s view that it is our unrealistically high aspirations that are the central problem of the human race. Remember Daniel Boorstin’s view that “We expect the contradictory and the impossible.” Think of John Berger’s analysis that advertising works to create a “fantasy world” for all of us to inhabit.
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All of us have achievements that we can be proud of. Yet we often fail to understand how we can learn from others whose accomplishments differ from our own.
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The power of imagination in my own life can be exemplified by my most important research study after receiving the Ph.D., summarized in Creating Life Before Death. I am now thinking back to the year 1956 when I started my first professional position as Research Assistant Professor at the University of Chapel Hill in North Carolina. I joined a project, the Study of Choice of Specialties in Medicine, financed by the U.S. Public Health Service. That agency was much concerned about the limited number of medical students who chose public health as their specialty after graduation.
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We designed a long questionnaire centering on “heart” (student goals), “head” (their expectations for fulfilling their goals in public health and a number of other specialties), and “hand” (their preferences among the different medical fields. We obtained 2,674 completed questionnaire. The measurements involved were so thorough that almost a hundred items of information about each student were involved, yielding over a quarter of a million pieces of data.
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My basic hypothesis in my own re-analysis of the data, completed five years later, was that students would prefer those fields where they expected to fulfill their goals to the greatest extent, following how people ordinarily think about why we do the things they do. I framed the study as not just assessing the occupational choices of medical students, but as testing my ability to predict an individual’s behavior on the basis of a great deal of information about that person’s ideas, feelings and actions.
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If so, then that would constitute evidence for the possibility of a powerful science of human behavior. That was my vision, based on my imagination. I believed that the development of such a science was absolutely essential for both personal development and the solution of society’s problems. That was Auguste Comte had in mind so many years ago when he envisioned a science of human behavior. That is what we all desperately need at this time in history.
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The results of the study were predictions far beyond the accuracy that I had hoped for. Fully 86 per cent of the medical students preferred the medical fields where they expected the greatest fulfillment of their goals, while no more than 17 percent preferred fields where they expected the least goal fulfillment.
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My joy was short-lived when my article was rejected because my mathematical model was unique, not conforming to models that had been previously published. I became angry about what I believed was the failure of those reviewers to act in a truly scientific fashion. I re-submitted my manuscript with a detailed argument for its publication, and—lo and behold—it was finally accepted and soon published (1964).
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My imagination of the possibility of a powerful science of human behavior did indeed triumph in the end, just as I’m convinced that Creating Life Before Death, the articles I’ve written based on that book, and this website will carry forward what Comte dreamed of. For we all can learn to make full use of our own imaginations to address personal problems and the enormous problems of our day. By so doing, we can move away from our limited visions and develop evolutionary visions accompanying our everyday actions, yielding continuing growth of self and world.
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As a result, We can EXTEND THE KAIZEN VISION from experiences at work to continuous improvement throughout one’s everyday life.
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Instead of a world with a small number of winners and a very large number of losers, we would move toward societies, following Lewis Carroll, where “everyone has won, and all must have prizes.”

It would also be a world that follows Jane Addams’s view of Democracy: “A conception of Democracy not merely as a sentiment [“heart”] which desires the well-being of all men and women, nor yet as a creed [“head”] which believes in the essential dignity and equality of all men and women, but as that which affords a rule of living as well as a test of faith [“hand”].”
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A book I wrote with a colleague, David Christner, Revolution in the Social Sciences (2012), included my dream for the future:
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There will be a future for our children, our grandchildren, our great grandchildren, and their great-grandchildren.
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One day we will all learn to see ourselves as children who are only just beginning to understand ourselves and our world, and we will also learn to dream about our infinite possibilities and move toward those visions one step at a time.
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One day we will all learn to pay close attention to the accomplishments of all peoples throughout history as well as to our own personal accomplishments, and we will also learn to pay close attention to the failures of the human race and to our own personal failures.
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One day we will be able to bring to the surface and reduce our stratified emotions like fear, shame, guilt, hate, envy, and greed, and we will learn to express ever more our evolutionary emotions like confidence, enthusiasm, happiness, joy, love, and empathy.
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One day we will see peace on earth and fellowship among all humans.
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One day we will no longer look down on any other human being.
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One day we all will learn to be poets, philosophers, and scientists.
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To actually move toward the ACTION required by our VISION of a new world, we must transform, one step at a time, old habits into new ones. .

We invite visitors to this website to help us further our own understanding of how to achieve human development. What are your own experiences of successes? Of failures? How do you assess this website? Creating Life Before Death? What suggestions do you have? What do you think of the idea of an PERSONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT for helping us to address personal and world problems? What is your own vision of next steps in human evolution, and view of how to confront present-day problems?

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Bernie Phillips

My life was changed when I met the leading voice for contemporary sociology, C. Wright Mills, at Columbia University. Who wouldn’t be impressed by a professor roaring each day into the quadrangle on a motorcycle wearing a coonskin cap that had a tail flapping wildly in the wind? This dramatic and exciting arrival was followed by an entrance to our classroom worthy of a superstar. He immediately launched into dynamic and thought-provoking lectures with the power to change our view of self and world

 

I have never forgotten the value of that personal experience. His impact has continued throughout my entire life. Following graduation, advanced degrees, research at the University of North Carolina and teaching at the University of Illinois, I enjoyed thirty-seven years at Boston University teaching a variety of courses in sociology. After publishing a number of books and articles, I founded “The Sociological Imagination Group.” This involved scholars in sociology who shared their research at annual meetings stressing an interdisciplinary approach to knowledge of human behavior.

 

Retiring in Sarasota, Florida, I found myself in front of a Barnes & Noble bookstore, where I met Tom Savage. In pleasant conversation we discovered we had both been at Boston University in the early 1960s. I was teaching sociology in the College of Liberal Arts, while at the same time next door Tom was attending seminary at the School of Theology. Recognizing that a Scholar and a Preacher bring unique perspectives to any investigation about the meaning and significance of life, we decided to collaborate, writing Creating Life Before Death: Discover Your Amazing Self. My former student, Andy Plotkin, and two friends, Neal Weiss and Max Spitzer, who had worked with me previously, added their voices to broaden the appeal of our message

To put mere words into action, Tom and I created a seminar for Plymouth Harbor, a retirement community in Sarasota. The interaction among the participants brought to life personal experiences contrasting with my earlier academic exchanges. Now, Tom, I and our co-authors have raised the idea that we are facing two crises in the modern world. The first is to recognize how a bureaucratic viewpoint and way of life has compromised individual creativity and freedom. The second is a world failing to address problems threatening our future existence.

Expanding into the development of an organization, a seminar and a website, our focus now is on the development of a PERSONAL AND WORLD EVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT,  dedicated to nothing less than changing our bureaucratic societies into evolutionary societies. Our focus differs from that of other movements that also point in a democratic direction. For we see every individual as possessing incredible yet largely untapped potentials for personal development that education has failed to unlock. Our optimism is based on the conviction that interdisciplinary social science knowledge can help the individual transform capacities into abilities that will change the world.

When I Begin the Ancient Game of Chess

by Bernard Phillips

When I begin the ancient game of chess,

Commanding knights and pawns in bitter strife,

I wonder at the thought that I possess:

How is it with the greater game of life?

Am I a wooden piece which someone moves,

A means to satisfy another’s ends?

Do I advance, retreat, in patterned grooves,

A creature of commands another sends?

Perhaps I am a player in the game,

And force the moves of countless other souls

To seek my own fulfillment, fortune, fame,

Ignoring in my quest their secret goals.

The castle falls, the knights remain en pris [exposed],

Besiegers there are none the eye can see.

Different: A Voice of the Atomic Age, 8, 2, Summer, 1954, 18.

Academic Background

Tom Savage

Tom’s unique background combines 25 years as a minister and 23 years with the Sarasota, Florida, Sheriff’s Department, where he retired as a lieutenant. He served churches in Belmont, Massachusetts, where he was ordained, and in Elgin, Illinois, Madison, Wisconsin, and Sarasota, Florida. Moving from pulpit to patrol car, the robe and badge provided experiences granted very few of us. They have yielded numerous stories found in this book.

Attempting to rise above the biased cultural contamination of one’s own personal experiences in his native land, Tom has traveled to over eighty-nine countries, studying local traditions and beliefs. The goal he sought was an appreciation of unity within diversity, while championing individuality in community.

Tom sees art as history’s mirror, both reflecting and helping to interpret our human condition. Throughout the ages, art has been represented by a variety styles. These styles merely indicate an artist’s unique way for seeing our world. Our imaginations are expanded as their visions are presented to us in paintings, sculptures and crafts. Tom views the physical and social sciences as feeding the head, with art, architecture and music emotionally touching the heart

Tom was deeply moved by a writer who saw each of us being “tossed into the world.” The implications of that image were quite profound. Time, Place, and Condition are the realities we all face. For Time, what would one’s life be to have been “tossed into the world” in the first or fifteenth century, versus our own twenty-first century? For Place, how would we have turned out having been “tossed” into China, India, Arabia, or the Middle East? How would the cultural contamination of these areas have shaped our views on politics, religion, values and behavior? For Condition, the list is endless! Are you white, black, or brown in color? Male or female? Rich or poor? Free or slave? All of this determines how we see ourselves, our neighbors, and the world.

Tom holds a B.A. from the University of Redlands, California, and a Master of Divinity and Master of Sacred Theology Degree from the Boston University School of Theology. He created a unique experiment in community policing with over ten thousand volunteers for a citizen patrol. He has served as the founder of the Sarasota Public Arts Fund, on the Ringling College Scholarship Committee, and is a significant donor for philanthropic causes in the area.

A River of Time flows into an Ocean of Life creating our human condition. So many people out there in our world with differing ideas, beliefs, and values. Is it any wonder that others will not like us simply because they are not like us?

Tom enjoyed portraying himself to the public in three distinctive roles: cop, cowboy, and clergyman. There was, of course, a brief motorcycler, biker, “Captain America” period, when he made the obli gatory cross-country road trip from Florida to California.

But then, each of us has a story to share. Here you reveal your values, and at some point you pause to ask yourself what life is really all about.

Over the years you finally realized you were wiser than you thought, stronger than you recognized, and braver than you felt. In life, your voice and vote will count!

Don’t just sit in the bleachers, watching others play the game of life. Those active on the field will end up making all the rules you will later be forced to obey.

“Shop until you drop” says “to be is to have.” Gambling is just another form of escape. Neither activity will make you a true winner. With growth and change as the only inevitable realities in life, we must rise to meet the challenges they present.

Caught between a vanished past and an unknown future, let’s celebrate a joyful and creative life before our death.

READER – How do you FEEL about the IDEAS suggested in my poem, “THE LEAF”?

The Leaf

by Tom Savage

Here am I. Once supple, smooth, alive Now rigid, coarse, dying. Soon to drift quietly to the ground where expectant seedlings Greedily await my life-giving death. Those gentle breezes who Yesterday fondly caressed me. Now would rip me. From my mother’s limbs, sending me. Tumbling down to be trodden under foot. Raked, piled, leaped upon in childhood’s delight. Gathered and burned. The wind will aid a few in escape. But all such evasion an illusion. For the decree is quite simple: New leaves from old. Now, it is my turn. Behold, I am coming. Let all the earth rejoice.

Andy Plotkin

For someone who would eventually teach courses ranging from the sociology of developing countries and family and society, I had the perfect parents to prepare me for an interdisciplinary life. My father was a world-class track star and a physics major at Harvard. He then became the president of his father’s clothing store in Boston.  My mother was a renowned artist who realized that to be human is a proud achievement.

My crowning achievements have been my steadfast marriage to my graduate school sweetheart, and the upbringing of our two fabulous children.  Next to these achievements, I am hoping to contribute to the mitigation of the two major interrelated worldwide crises of our era: creating more meaningful personal lives, and taking steps toward solving the world’s most pressing social problems, ranging from bullying, racism (and all the other isms), poverty (and all other forms of inequality), terrorism, environmental degradation, and war.

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